For streaming on any site (Justin.tv, Mogulus, ustream, etc):
1. Download and install Flash Media Live Encoder (FMLE) from:
http://www.adobe.com/products/flashmediaserver/flashmediaencoder
2. Download your config file and save it to your desktop:
* FMLE 2.5: http://www.justin.tv//fme_config.xml
* FMLE 3.0: http://www.justin.tv//fme3_config.xml
3. Open Flash Media Live Encoder, and under the File menu, choose 'Open Profile' and select the xml file you just downloaded. Choose a camera and microphone from their respective drop-down boxes.
4. Press the green 'Start' button to begin broadcasting. Once the software has connected, you can load your Justin.tv channel page (e.g. http://justin.tv/justin) to check if you are broadcasting.
I personally recommend FME 2.5, so download the first xml file.
You MUST be logged in before you download the xml file, so that you load your correct settings for justin.tv and later be able to broadcast.
To record AVI Video files (upload to youtube, nico video, veoh, dailymotion, etc):
I use
VirtualDubMod. I run it, then I go to File > Capture AVI, and everything should be available for you there. Your recording device should be connected by now, and will be detected by VDM. On the bottom corner of the Capture Mode for VirtualDubMod, set the sound to 44K/16/s, and the framerate should be about 29,97 fps, 30 fps, or whatever it is your device can support. If it can handle 60 fps, then why not try it out?
Now click on Capture > Settings, make sure that only the Escape key is turned on for Abort Hotkeys. No other key or actions will interrupt with your recording when you have this settings, so you can freely walk around the internet while still recording (as long as you don't turn off VirtualDubMod). Now press OK, and head to Capture > Preferences, click on the checkboxes for "Save current capture/video/audio settings/format as default" (all 3 of them) and click OK. Your exact settings has been saved now for next time you start VirtualDubMod.
When you record with VirtualDubMod, and you find out that sound doesn't get recorded properly, make sure you have
Audacity running in the background too. On Audacity, click Edit > Preferences. Recording device should be the one you're using for video recording. Turning on Software Playthrough is up to you, but it will play the sound on the PC if you turn it off, so it might be a good idea to make sure sound is recorded to the AVI file while you record with VirtualDubMod. The codecs you can use for VirtualDubMod is "Uncompressed RGB" or "X-Vid MPEG-4 Codec" (set X-Vid to the bitrate you want). I hope that helped.
Lastly, to record your screen, my personal favorite (as proven on the Rockman 8 Sega Saturn video on RPM Front Page Theme Week), is Camtasia Recorder that's included with Camtasia Studio. The version I use is 4.0, but there's newer ones way up to 6 now. Anyway, it's not a free tool, but you can "find" it somewhere, especially one version where the key/serial is already saved inside the installation.
Moving on, open Camtasia Recorder, go to Tools > Options. On Capture tab, select Save as AVI, and click the File Name Options button. Choose Automatic File Name and the output folder should be somewhere you can reach your AVI files. I use Desktop. I also turned off "Show toolbar underneath capture rectangle during recording" but that's up to you.
Go to Audio tab, and set the audio codec you want. If you have "MPEG Layer 3 (LAME)" available, then that will save you some time, so you don't have to use WAV>MP3 compression. Choose the bitrate you want too, and preferably 44100Hz 16 bit Stereo sound (either LAME or PCM codec doesn't matter). Accept all those audio settings and go to Hotkeys tab. Select the hotkeys you want for recording and stopping. I change recording from F9 to F8, because F9 interferes when I record PSP games with remotejoylite. Go to the Program tab and turn off everything there.
Now the important part, the video quality. Click the Video tab, choose Manual video configuration, screen capture framerate should be 60 or 30 fps (depends on which you prefer. I stick with 60 fps though). Click Video Compression button, and click Configure for Tech Smith Screen Capture Codec. Drag the bar all the way to the left (Faster Compression) and click OK. This will record your videos in (pixel-perfect?) PNG quality. Double-check that the frame rate stays at 60 fps and then press OK.
Now on the main window, you can press Capture > Wizard to make your last screen-capture settings. Select the region, window or anything you want to record, then press Next a couple of times, and don't forget to turn on "Record Audio" and "Speaker Audio (what you hear)" along the way. Now you can record whenever you want to, by pressing F8 and stop with F10.
To live-stream your screen-captures (an emulator or something), I use WebCamMax. It takes a lot more things to setup with it, but when you have made your settings (and some frame rate settings in the Options/Preferences/whatever too), you can now use WebCamMax with Flash Media Encoder, as a Video Codec. The Audio Codec for FME should be the one you use, anything that isn't the Microphone.
I'm sure there are other screen-capture tools out there, but if you have a very dependable PC, these are all you need and does the job just fine. ^^